Legacy of the Act

The 1872 Education (Scotland) Act has shaped millions of lives over the past 150 years as well as influencing Scottish society and culture.

A sepia-toned photograph showing a large group of schoolchildren seated closely together inside a classroom or hall. Behind them, several adults stand near tables and a doorway, with framed pictures on the walls and high arched beams visible in the background. The setting appears formal, suggesting a school event or assembly in the early 20th century.

All pupils from Central School, inverness, 1901. CI/5/3/174

Large group of pupils in maroon and yellow uniforms seated on a gym floor with staff standing at the back; chairs line the left side of the hall.

Pupils and teachers attending Central School, Inverness in 2022 re-create a photo taken at the same school in 1901

It has been estimated that within 30 years of the Act’s passing, illiteracy had been all but eliminated across Scotland, with high attendance rates being maintained. These newly educated pupils had a variety of routes open to them with opportunities to go into various occupations with at least an elementary education in reading, writing and arithmetic behind them. The removal of poverty as a barrier to education was momentous.

Historic black-and-white photograph showing a group of seven schoolgirls posed outdoors against a large stone wall with two buildings in the background. They are wearing heavy garments with shawls and head coverings, and some have white cloths draped across their shoulders. Taken on St Kilda.

St Kilda schoolchildren, date unknown

A black-and-white photograph showing a group of eight school pupils standing indoors in front of a wooden door. They are wearing matching school uniforms consisting of white shirts, striped ties, and knee-length skirts or trousers. The setting appears to be a school corridor or classroom, with plain walls and a simple interior.

A group of girls from Mithton Primary School, 1980s 90s. From www.ambaile.org.uk

However, the impact of the Act on Gaelic cannot be overlooked and, in further marginalising the language, there has been lasting damage done to the culture. A legacy which has ongoing consequences and ramifications to this day.

6th August 1872 was undoubtedly a turning point in Scotland’s history – the passing of a piece of legislation which has shaped lives, landscapes, communities, and country, for both better and worse.

To explore the Highland Archive Service’s extensive education collections in person please visit the archive centre for the area you’re interested in.

If you are a teacher and would like to know more about how Highland Archive Services can support learning please see our leaflet or or visit the learning and outreach pages on our website.